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Human evolution is characterized by a dramatic §volume and complexity increase of brain which origin §higher cognitive abilities. In this work, we suggest §the hypothesis that small genetic alterations, §associated with endocrine metabolic advantages, §could explain human brain evolution. Changes in §metabolism of neuroactive hormones, i.e, tiroid and §sex hormones that are responsible for brain function §and development, may possibly explain not only §higher human intelligence but also others human §phenotypic characteristics. In this sense, we argue §that principal genes of human intelligence are §localized in the X chromosome and are related to §neuroactive hormones metabolism. Thus, the aim of §our investigation is to understand some §issues in biological anthropology that are not yet §well clarified such as why human babies are so fat, §why human parturition is so painful and why men tend §to marry women who are more intelligent than §themselves. In a first analysis, the results §of our studies seeming to support the endocrine §changes hypothesis for the human evolution.