Advances in High-Pressure Techniques for Geophysical Applications

High-pressure mineral physics is a field that is strongly driven by the development of new technology. Fifty years ago, when experimentally achievable pressures were limited to just 25 GPa, little was know about the mineralogy of the Earth's lower mantle. Silicate perovskite, the likely dominant mineral of the deep Earth, was identified only when the high-pressure techniques broke the pressure barrier of 25 GPa in 1970s. However, as the maximum achievable pressure reached beyond one Megabar (100 GPa) and even to the pressure of Earth's core on minute samples, new discoveries increasingly were fostered by the development of new analytical techniques and improvements in sensitivity and precision of existing techniques. The book consists of six sections which group the papers according to their main topics: Elastic and Anelastic Properties; Rheology; Melt and Glass Properties; Structural and Magnetic Properties; Diffraction and Spectroscopy; Pressure Calibration and Generation. As many papers cover multiple topics, readers may find papers of interest in different sections. All papers are prepared with emphasis on technical details suitable for a technical reference. Many on-line software resources are also listed in as detailed a manner as possible. However, the URL of the software sites may be subject to change without notice. This book features state of the art in geophysics, namely the experimental determination of material behavior at the extreme conditions of planetary interiors. This book puts emphasis on technical details suitable for a technical reference. It includes many on-line software resources.